Pharyngitis Treatment

What is pharyngitis?

Pharyngitis is the inflammation of the pharynx, located at the back of the throat between the tonsils and the larynx. It is most common in the winter months, particularly among children aged 4 to 7, and can spread within family members. In 90% of cases, it is caused by viruses (such as Parainfluenza, Rhinovirus, Adenovirus, and Herpes simplex), while 10% are bacterial. Pharyngitis of bacterial origin is typically more severe.

There are two types of pharyngitis: acute and chronic.

Acute pharyngitis develops suddenly and is characterized by severe inflammation. Viruses and streptococcal bacteria, which cause illnesses like the common cold or flu, can also lead to acute pharyngitis.

Chronic pharyngitis is less severe but persists for a longer duration. It does not cause fever or malaise. Factors such as dry or dusty air, air pollution, smoking, alcohol consumption, nasal discharge, very hot or cold food and drinks, reflux, and nasal bone curvature play a significant role in its development.

Pharyngitis Symptoms

The symptoms of pharyngitis generally include:

• Burning, pain, itching, and dryness in the throat,
• Cough,
• Fever and fatigue,
• Swelling of the lymph nodes in the throat
• Hoarseness
• Skin rash

In acute pharyngitis, symptoms may include a sudden onset of throat burning, pain that worsens with swallowing, blisters resembling cold sores in the throat, white or gray inflamed tissues, fever, cough, headache, weakness, muscle and joint pain, bad breath, and hoarseness.

In chronic pharyngitis, symptoms may include throat dryness, a sensation of something being stuck in the throat, a tickly cough, and persistent sores in the throat.

In infants, pharyngitis symptoms may include sudden fever, vomiting, abdominal pain, and continuous crying. Diagnosis is made through examination and throat tests.

Pharyngitis can lead to complications such as sinusitis, mastoiditis, ear infections, and abscesses around the tonsils.

How is pharyngitis diagnosed?

A detailed medical history is taken, and the diagnosis is made by combining the findings from the examination. Tests are usually unnecessary. However, if another underlying condition is suspected, relevant tests may be conducted.

Pharyngitis Treatment

If pharyngitis is viral, it is treated with antiviral medications, as antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections.  Pain relievers, antipyretics, nasal sprays, cough suppressants, and mouthwashes can be used. Antihistamines may also be prescribed if allergies are present.  If the Strep test is positive, indicating bacterial pharyngitis, antibiotic treatment is initiated. Chronic pharyngitis is generally not completely curable.

Recommendations for Individuals with Pharyngitis

• Avoid clearing your throat as much as possible.
• Drink plenty of water to prevent throat dryness.
• Refrain from consuming very hot or cold food and drinks.
• Gargle with salt water.
• Avoid dusty and polluted environments.
• Refrain from smoking and alcohol consumption.
• Avoid strong tea, coffee, and acidic beverages.
• Protect yourself from allergens.
• Drink 3–4 cups of sage tea daily. Sage has antiseptic properties that can accelerate healing.
• Avoid speaking loudly.