Nasal Polyp Treatment

Nasal polyps are pale pink masses that develop in the nasal cavity and adjacent sinuses due to inflammation of the mucous membranes.

These soft, painless, and benign growths can extend from the nostrils down to the lower throat.

Although they may be mistaken for intranasal papillomas, they are entirely different formations. Intranasal papillomas are tumorous structures with distinct histopathological features and a cauliflower-like appearance.

Causes of Nasal Polyps

The causes of nasal polyps include:

• Hereditary factors
• Allergies
• Chronic sinusitis
• Drug sensitivities.

Symptoms of Nasal Polyps

Small polyps may not cause noticeable symptoms. However, common symptoms of nasal polyps include:

• Severe nasal congestion
• Difficulty breathing
• Altered voice quality
• Fullness in the sinuses
• Snoring and sleep apnea caused by breathing difficulties
• Impaired sense of taste and smell
• Nasal and postnasal discharge
• Pain in the head, around the eyes, and in the upper teeth

Diagnosis of Nasal Polyps

Diagnosis can be made through medical history, physical examination, nasal endoscopy, or sinus CT imaging.

Treatment of Nasal Polyps

Treatment for nasal polyps can be medical or surgical, depending on the severity and underlying cause. Medications such as local or systemic corticosteroids are commonly used. Antihistamines may be prescribed for allergic conditions, while antileukotrienes are suitable for patients with aspirin sensitivity.  Decongestants and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can also be beneficial, depending on the cause. Saline nasal lavage is another effective method, as it cleanses both the nasal passages and the sinuses.  If medication fails to provide relief, or if the polyps cause chronic sinusitis or completely obstruct the nasal cavity, surgical options such as polypectomy or endoscopic sinus surgery may be considered. However, due to the risk of recurrence, surgery is recommended as a last resort.

Polypectomy

In polypectomy, the polyps are removed by shaving or excision. This procedure can be performed under local or general anesthesia.

Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS)

Endoscopic sinus surgery is the preferred treatment for large polyps.