Intraoral Lesion (Aphthae)

Intraoral Lesion (Aphthae)

Canker sores (Aphthae), also known as recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), are the most common type of intraoral lesions (mouth ulcers) or sores, negatively impacting eating, speaking, and overall health.

These small (usually less than 1 cm), white sores are surrounded by a painful red border and occur more frequently in women.  Their prevalence decreases with age. It is possible for one canker sore to heal while another develops, and multiple sores may appear simultaneously.  They are non-contagious but are often mistaken for herpes. However, unlike herpes, which is caused by the herpes simplex virus, aphthae are not virus-related.

Where do canker sores occur?

• Canker sores can develop in the following areas: Cheek and lip mucosa
• Gums,
• Top of the tongue,
• Pharynx,
• Soft palate.

What causes canker sores?

Canker sores can result from various factors, including:

• Genetic predisposition
• Stress and anxiety
• Poor oral hygiene
• Hard-bristled toothbrushes
• Cheek, inner lip, or tongue biting, and oral trauma
• Weak immune system
• Ill-fitting dentures
• Salty, spicy, or highly acidic foods
• Certain medications, such as ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, and antirheumatic drugs
• Tobacco use
• Toothpaste containing sodium lauryl sulfate
• Consuming excessively hot or cold foods
• Hormonal changes
• Deficiencies in vitamin B, folic acid, or iron
• Certain malignant conditions
• Behçet’s disease, AIDS
• Allergies to specific foods like tomatoes or strawberries
• Inflammatory bowel diseases
• Extreme fatigue

How are canker sores treated?

Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause and alleviating symptoms.  Canker sores typically resolve within 1-2 weeks. If they persist beyond two weeks, it is essential to consult a doctor. Preventive measures include maintaining oral hygiene, avoiding irritants such as acidic or very hot foods, and using a soft-bristled toothbrush. Symptom management may involve:  Using antiseptic mouthwash or gargling with salt water; Taking vitamin B, folic acid, or iron supplements; Avoiding sugar and toothpaste containing menthol; Applying local anesthetics before meals; and Using corticosteroids. Mild painkillers can be used for pain.