Bad Breath

Bad breath is a distressing condition that can lead to social challenges.

Morning bad breath caused by poor oral hygiene is a physiological condition that typically resolves on its own as the day progresses, without requiring intervention. However, pathological halitosis, which is linked to an underlying disease (usually oral diseases), can occur at any time of the day.

What are the causes of bad breath?

The most significant factor contributing to bad breath is poor oral hygiene. Other causes include:

• Tooth and gum diseases
• Insufficient water consumption
• Psychologically induced bad breath (perceiving bad breath when it is not present)
• Bacteria located at the root of the tongue
• Upper respiratory tract diseases (e.g., sinusitis, tonsillitis, lung diseases)
• Dry mouth due to decreased saliva production
• Metabolic disorders
• Digestive gases entering the mouth
• Alcohol and tobacco use
• Diabetes
• Liver function disorders
• Certain spicy or strong-smelling foods

What can be done to prevent bad breath?

• The primary way to prevent bad breath is to maintain good oral hygiene.
• Brush your teeth every morning and before bedtime.
• Replace your toothbrush every three months.
• Clean dentures thoroughly and regularly.
• Use mouthwash and dental floss.
• Choose toothpaste containing zinc and consider chewing gum with zinc for additional benefits.
• Drink approximately three liters of water daily to support saliva production.
• Avoid alcohol and tobacco products, as they contribute to bad breath.
• Chew food thoroughly to reduce bad breath caused by digestive issues.
• If bad breath is medication-related, consult a physician.

How is bad breath treated?

Morning bad breath that resolves on its own does not require medical treatment and can be managed independently.

For pathological halitosis, the underlying cause must be identified and treated. Psychologically induced, unreal bad breath is addressed through psychological interventions.